Research Paper Topics For Music Courses

Research Paper Topics For Music CoursesA good music composition always requires a good research paper. Unfortunately, many students of music do not understand the importance of this part of their education. Some students think that they can just create a piece of music based on the notes they hear and follow a notebook and pencil. In actuality, to write a really good research paper, you must follow along with a musical score.There are thousands of musical scores available to us on the internet and in music stores, but we are not going to be able to study music by following them. The reason is simple; a music score is composed to be studied by musicians. All we can do is to follow them and try to understand them, as much as possible.When composing a research paper topics that need to be considered include composer and his or her influences, instruments used, songs written, and time signature. Composer must be included because composing is his or her passion. If the composer has had an influence on the notes, then you should also include it.Once these topics have been decided upon, it's time to pick instruments. If there is no instrument assigned, then you may have to pick one for yourself or ask a fellow musician to provide the notes.You have to remember that each composer has a specific style of composition. If you want to do a paper about Bach, then you have to select which pieces you want to discuss. Even though you have picked a specific genre, you should still be able to listen to the music piece before writing your paper. Be patient because it takes some time to learn how to listen to a particular piece.Time signatures have a major role in composing. If you want to compose a piece for a short piece of music, then you will be able to pick up the notes faster. On the other hand, if you want to compose a piece of music for a symphony orchestra, then it will take you more time to get the notes.Once all these topics have been decided upon, it's time to write. T he best way to go about it is to pick a piece of music and start from there. If you know what to listen for, then you will be able to listen to the music and get the notes instantly. Take note of the notes you get and use the information to create a research paper topic.While composing research paper topics, you must also remember that it is the composer who is responsible for making their pieces interesting. The most important aspect of a music composition is its enjoyment; this is something that is hard to attain when the composer is stuck in a rut.

Paranormal History Research Paper Topics

Paranormal History Research Paper TopicsAny history student will be able to think of a few paranormal history research paper topics that they would like to investigate. This should not be too difficult to come up with one or two ideas for a good research paper.The stories of 'sightings'sudden apparitions' may interest the student in many ways, particularly when this turns out to be ghost stories. The important thing is to find these stories in print and other documents. This can be done by following the links in the resource box below this article.Ghosts are very intriguing and captivating, but you need to find that something extra. This could be physical evidence of a more scientific nature, but you have to have proof for your ghost hunting claims to be valid. The proof you can use should be scientifically proven as well as based on the facts you found.You might also like to do some ghost stories that revolve around famous people. Once again, this can be very interesting and could m ake for a very interesting paranormal history research paper topic. The stories that revolve around famous people could contain so much detail that you may not need anything else, although it can be useful to take notes when reading them.History of aliens may seem a little far-fetched to most people, but there are many books out there that discuss the subject. This can provide a great source of evidence for any paranormal history research paper topic. There are plenty of books out there that give the exact date of sightings of UFOs as well as the sightings themselves.Those are just two examples of topics that can give a great deal of detail for your research paper. Your professor can help with this. You should always be careful about what you write in a written assignment, but if you make sure that you consider all the options, you may find that you will be able to add some new information to your resume for future use.Ghosts are notoriously difficult to prove, because their bodies do not move. Some ghosts may make sounds, but there is no way to really hear these sounds. You should certainly write down any that you hear while doing research. These will all help you further your research history.Using one or two of the paranormal history research paper topics above will allow you to do a little research and write your assignment, all while enjoying the experience. It is a bit of fun for the students who decide to pursue the paranormal. They get to learn a lot about the history of the subject and be able to find their own areas of interest when writing their assignments.

Vygotsky and Piaget Pedagogy Essay Example

Vygotsky and Piaget Pedagogy Essay Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and Len Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective have played critical roles in educational psychology. Both of these major frameworks will be analyzed and compared. From these two different standpoints, it will be illustated how a particular concept or cognitive skill can be taught. Russian psychologist Len Semenovich Vygotsky (1896-1934) was a fundamental figure in the exploration of â€Å"the sociocultural theory. † His ideas played crucial roles in the pedagogical framework of children and education. Thoroughly, he examined the sociocultural theory which emphasizes the role in development of cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society. Children learn their culture (ways of thinking and behaving) through these interactions (Berk Winsler 19). Vygotsky believed that our mental structures and processes can be traced back to our interactions with others (Berk Winsler 12-15). Social interactions not only have an influence on our cognitive development, they actually create our cognitive structures and thinking process (Woolfolk 39). During shared activities between the child and another person, higher mental processes are first co-constructed. This is a social process in which people interact and negotiate (usually verbally) to create an understanding or solve a problem (Woolfolk 39). The processes are then internalized by the child and become part of the child’s cognitive development. The final product is shaped by all participants (Berk Winsler 15). For example (Tharp Gallimore 14): A six-year-old has lost a toy and asks her father for help. The father asks her where she last saw the toy; the child says â€Å"I can’t remember. He asks a series of questions- did you have it in your room? Outside? Next door? To each question, the child answers, â€Å"no. † When he says â€Å"in the car? † She says â€Å"I think so† and goes to retrieve the toy. Vygotsky once stated that â€Å"ever function in a child’s development appears twice: first on the social level and then lat er on the individual level; first between people ‘interpsychological’ and then inside the child ‘intrapsychological’ (Berk Winsler 12. )† For instance, the strategy for finding the toy was initially co-constructed by both- the child and the adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Vygotsky and Piaget Pedagogy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vygotsky and Piaget Pedagogy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vygotsky and Piaget Pedagogy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The next time that child loses a toy it is probable that he/she may have internalized a strategy on how to find the toy (by recalling all the previous places that the toy was last seen). This adult guidance provides early support while students build the understanding necessary to solve problems (Woolfolk 59). Eventually the child will be capable of functioning independently in the process of problem solving. In this scenario, perhaps the child may be capable of finding the toy with no help the next time this problem arises. Vygotsky emphasized the importance of cultural tools, which enables the transfer of cognition from the social to the individual plane (Berk Winsler 21). Cultural tools include material tools such as: computers, scales Internet, rulers, ect. On the other hand, psychological tools include: symbol systems, numbers, language, graphs, maps, codes, languages, ect. These tools allow people in society to communicate, think, solve problems, and create knowledge (Woolfolk 41). These tools are used in daily activities by the child in formal and informal settings, with the help from an adult. An example of using a psychological tool to aid in the advancement of development would be the construction of a map. In this scenario, collaboration would occur between the child and the teacher on how to represent the concepts of people and spaces. In return, these co-constructed ideas are internalized within the child and development occurs. â€Å"Learning leads development (Wood 101). † These tools are fundamental in development because they support thinking, which results in the construction of the child’s understanding of the social and physical world (Berk Winsler 23). Vygotsky emphasized the tool of language as a critical factor in development. Initially, speech serves as a regulative communication function (Wood 29). In time, children develop language as the build on other cognitive abilities by trying to make sense in what they hear. Self talk guides the child’s cognitive thinking. This external tool slows down the thought process, allowing concepts, thoughts, or ideas to be more comprehensible- resulting in problem solving. It transforms the way children, learn, think, and understand (Wood 29). Vygotsky believed that thinking is radically transformed when children become capable of linguistic communication. â€Å"At the least, sounds, meanings, words and sequence of words, volume, voice tone, inflection, and turn-taking rule must all be coordinated before a child can communicate effectively in conversation (Woolfield 51). † Because a child’s self-directed talk aids in the thinking and problem solving process, it helps develops child’s self regulation. (Berk Winsler106-108) This is the process of activating and sustaining thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in order to reach goals (Woolfield 621). An example would be the â€Å"taking turn rule,† during a conversation. The child must sustain the behavior of talking while another person is talking in order to have a successful conversation. On the other hand, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed the theory of cognitive development, which is based on the assumption that people try to make sense of the world and actively create knowledge through direct experience with objects, people, and ideas (Wood 22). Unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that the individual construct their own understanding of the work. The child’s development first occurs on the individual level then on the social level. Because we are constantly trying to make sense of the world in which we live, our thinking process change drastically from birth until maturity. Piaget thought that a major influence on the way we perceive and make sense of the world, is through the process of maturation, which is the genetically programmed, naturally occurring changes over time (Wood 21). More specifically, Piaget believed that young people go through four stages as they develop: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete-operational, and formal operational (Woolfield 57). Conversely, Vygotsky did not believe there was a set stage for development. In the first stage through the exploration of motor activity, infants in the sesorimotor stage (approximately between the ages of 0-2 years) gradually work towards mastering object permanence as well as performing goal-directed activities. Object permanence is â€Å"the understanding that objects exist in an environment whether they perceive them or not (Woolfolk 30. )† For instance, if you take a certain toy away from away from a young infant, they will not acknowledge that that toy exists. Out of sight, out of mind (Woolfolk. )† On the other hand, if an older child sees a package of enticing cookies laying on the table and starts crying for one, even if the adult moves the cookies in the cabinet (clearly out of sight from the child) the child will still know that even though he physically cannot see the cookies- they still exist. The child will begin to make use of imitation, memory, and though t. An example of imitation would be a baby copying the gestures of â€Å"peek-a-boo† with an adult. The preoperational stage occurs between 2-7 years of age. Symbolic thinking gradually begins to develops. For instance, if there is not a toy phone, a child may pick up a block and pretend that that is the phone. During this stage, the child may have a difficult time seeing another person’s point of view. Their concept of space â€Å"is subjective and centered on their own body (Wood 67). † For example, during an experiment, three mountains were placed together. The children were supplied with pictures on how the mountains would look from different positions when observing. They then were asked how another person would view the model from different positions. In most cases, children in this stage are most likely to choose the mountain from the position in which they view the mountain (Wood 67). The concrete-operational stage occurs during the age of 7-11 years (Woolfield 32). The child achieves the principle of conservation during this time. A 5 year old is shown two identical glasses that are wide and short. Both are holding the same exact amount of water, and the child agrees with that notion. The experimenter then pours one of the cups of water into a taller, narrower glass. When the child is asked which glass has more water the second time around, the child declares the taller glass does, â€Å"because it goes up higher (Wood). † Piget believes the child at the concrete-operational stage would have the ability to acknowledge the difference. Also, the child at this stage developes reversible thinking, which is the ability to think from the end to the beginning (Woolfield 31). The last stage is the formal operation stage that occurs from 11 years of age to adulthood. Piaget believed that an individual during this time could become more scientific in thinking, had the ability to solve problems in a logical fashion, and developes concerns regarding social issues and identity (Woolfield 30). Piaget’s theory places action and self-directed problem solving at the heart of learning and development. Learning and development are separate entites. By acting on the world, the learner comes to discover how to control it. Development must be constructed on the basis of knowledge. On the opposite side of the spectrum, Vygotsky believe that they learning and behavior are not separate entities because learning leads development. * * * Piaget puts less emphasis on social experiences and inter-personal behavior as an crucial part of development opposed to Vygotsky. Piaget believed that since the individual construct their own understanding of the work, the child’s development first occurs on the individual level then on the social level. He believed that social facilitation may aid in development because the child is exposed to other points of views, which in return may cause him/her to re-think his individual ideas (Wood 17). However, social facilitation will only be benefital to the child if they are at the â€Å"appropriate state of readiness for change (Wood 17). † (The state of readiness is theâ€Å"stage of development† that was discussed in the previous section. ) Most likely Piaget would not pair two student together to work collaboratively if they were on different levels of development. On the contrary, Vygotsky would most likely pair two students together of different levels so that the students could co-constuct eachothers learning. In my classroom, I would adovate students of different abilities to work together. Both students would benefit in the exchange explanations and questions that each has to offer. In both perspectives, the role of the teacher is to facilitate and guide the students. Both psychologist placed a different emphasis on the importance of instruction. Vygotsky placed instruction in the heart of learning. Instruction is a mayor contribution to children’s growing consiousness and regulation of their own thought processm it prompts a shift to a higher level of cognitive activity (Berk Winsler 106). † The teacher would partake in guided participation, such as walking the students through a complicated problem. For example, if a student was still hesitant on how to solve a math problem, they may do part of the problem and remind the st udent of the proper steps to take to solve it. The teacher should allow revision from the student, offer the student feedback and ask questions. For example, if the students finishs a long division math problem- ask the student to explain what the remainder is. Vygotsky would also encourage a â€Å"think out loud† to assist in learning. For example, if I were teaching a class reading comprehension: first I would read a book aloud, then I would read the same book again only this time modeling my thought process out loud. I would elaborate on the connections I made to the text and to myself. This would demonstrate to the students the revisions and choices a learner undergoes. To scaffold learning in a classroom there are many different approaches such as clues, reminders, encouragements, and breaking down problems into steps and providing examples (Woolfield 49). On the other hand, Piaget believed that instruction can refine and improve structures that have already emerged, but it cannot lead to the development of concepts as Vygotsky believed (Berk Winsler 108). In this case, I would introduce a topic to a group of students together, then I would have them work on follow up activitites to match their learning needs. When devising lesson plans, the teacher would have to be conscious of restructing prior knowledge. To accomplish this, the teacher’s role would be to make connections to what the students already know. For instance, if I were to teach a lesson on the holocaust, if I had previously read â€Å"Number the Stars† by Louis Lowry (a journal of a girl hidden in a attic durning the holocaust), I would first discuss the book before introducing new ideas. In conclusion, Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and Len Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective have played critical roles in educational psychology. Their framework has provided us with insightful theories regarding learning and development and ways particular concepts or cognitives skill can be taught from these standpoints. Berk, Laura Winsler, Adam(1995). Scaffolding Children’s Learning: Vygotsky and Early Childhood Education. Tharp, R. G. , Gallimore, R. (1988). Rousing minds to life: Teaching, learning, and schooling in social context. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pg 14. Wood, David. (1988). How Children Learn and Think: Second Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Woolfolk, Anita. (2007). Educational Psychology: Tenth Edition. Pearson Education. Boston.

How to Write a Beginner Writer TopicsFor a Compare and Contrast Research Essay

How to Write a Beginner Writer TopicsFor a Compare and Contrast Research EssayThere are several reasons why you might want to write a beginner writer topics for a compare and contrast research essay. The reason is you might be a seasoned professional already and need a quick refresher on the basics of research and writing. Another reason you might want to write this type of essay is that you have never written anything that has appeared in print before, you want to explore writing for an interview or appear in a magazine or newspaper.Research is a very broad subject. While there are many things you can research, one of the best things to do before starting a research project is to do a little research yourself and identify your field. A research assignment is really a test for you. If you are writing a comparison and contrast essay for your college or university, then you will need to find subjects which will not only be familiar to you but also illustrate your areas of knowledge.One of the problems that many people have is they take for granted what they know. While the person who first described icebergs was probably not an expert, he was very close to being an expert. To do a research essay effectively, you will need to have some background knowledge of the subject you will be writing about. Research into your subject is always a good idea, especially if you don't understand what you are talking about. A lot of the information in a research paper comes from many sources and you want to make sure that you include all of your resources.Once you have completed a research paper, it is often best to ask other people for their input, especially on a topic that seems interesting. Doing a research essay isn't about having an expert answer every question you may have, but it is about giving your own ideas and thoughts a challenge. Ask others, ask newspapers and magazines and read many books.Try to avoid writing a thesis statement and never just start off with a few l ines describing a research project and then you'll stop at that point. A research paper needs to present a well-rounded picture of the current state of knowledge. In your essay, discuss how you found the information you needed and how you applied it. Use examples, but be careful not to ramble.Beginning a research paper with a brief overview of the subject you will be covering is fine, however you do not want to overwhelm the reader with a number of details. A student writing a university research paper might start by recounting the circumstances surrounding a particular event, such as the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. This will present an aspect of the whole; however, the student may be not give enough information to completely describe the event. It is therefore suggested that the beginning is done briefly, so that the focus is on the basic events.When you have covered an important topic, you can then move on to discuss the overall state of the state. Considerations that might need to be covered in a university research paper are discussed in order of importance. Some of the issues that will be included in your summary might be weather, law, technology, culture, economy, economics, and many other issues. As you are completing your research paper, you will come across many facts which are current, but it is up to you to put them in a chronological order so that the essay reads logically.Writing a research paper is not difficult, but it does require knowledge of the subject and the ability to give a clear overview. The more research you do, the better your research paper will be. You will need to constantly refresh yourself with new information and provide an overview of your research findings. Always remember to approach a research paper as a challenge, not an assignment.

Important Tips to Writing Your Agriculture Topics for Argus Essay

Important Tips to Writing Your Agriculture Topics for Argus EssayCollege students everywhere need to sharpen their essays and make them more versatile in addition to obtaining a better grade by choosing appropriate agriculture topics for Argus Essay. While it is of course important that students know the basics, they should also feel more confident when writing on subjects that interest them.For those that are interested in becoming farmers, as a topic for your Argus Essay, one that may come to mind is composting. Being passionate about this type of work is actually a great thing when you have a subject like this as an option. As long as you enjoy gardening, composting and the overall process of growing food, this is a topic that can inspire you. Others may want to include pest control and farming practices as options as well.As a tip, make sure that your essays contain relevant details regarding what you are passionate about or working on, so that other applicants will see you as se rious. For example, if you are involved in farming, don't forget to mention this fact. If you take it a step further and write about what brings you joy, it will impress other professors as well.Choosing good agriculture topics for Argus Essay will make it easy for you to impress college admissions officers who are reviewing your application. Besides, it will make it possible for you to highlight what you like to do at home. Just make sure that your subjects are general and not a class on a specific farm or farming practice.It is also a great idea to make sure that your essay is short. Although you should be able to describe your past experiences with knowledge about farming, having only a few sentences is enough to give others some good information. This will enable them to understand why you have made a strong interest in the subject matter.Students with an interest in agriculture should definitely take an interest in the subjects that are not tied to it. For example, they can cho ose subjects that are related to gardening. Some may even choose subjects related to home improvement, which is great because it helps the rest of the students to see that you are interested in things that they do not necessarily relate to you. Not only is this effective, but it is also very motivating for students.You might have heard it many times before, but many students love to do something just for the sheer fun of it. By doing this, you can make sure that you have a good career ahead of you, as well as making your college admissions essay more effective as well.